Arduino, Breadboard, Jumper Wires, LEDs

1. Arduino

 

🔹 Arduino is a microcontroller board used for electronics projects.
🔹 It can read inputs (like sensors) and control outputs (like LEDs, motors).
🔹 It is programmed using C/C++ in the Arduino IDE.
🔹 Common models: Arduino Uno, Nano, Mega.

📌 Example Use: Turning an LED ON/OFF, reading sensor values.

 

 2. Breadboard

 

🔹 A breadboard is used for making temporary circuit connections without soldering.
🔹 It has holes to insert electronic components and wires.
🔹 Power rails (side lines) provide +5V and GND connections.
🔹 Used in prototyping before making permanent circuits.

📌 Example Use: Connecting Arduino to LEDs, sensors, motors.

 

3. Jumper Wires

 

🔹 Jumper wires are used to connect components on a breadboard or with an Arduino.
🔹 They come in three types:
✅ Male-to-Male (M-M) → Connects two female headers (breadboard to Arduino).
✅ Male-to-Female (M-F) → Connects a sensor/module to Arduino.
✅ Female-to-Female (F-F) → Connects two male headers.

📌 Example Use: Connecting an LED to Arduino, linking sensors.

 

4. LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)

 

🔹 LEDs are tiny lights that glow when powered.
🔹 They have two legs:
✅ Long leg (+) = Anode (Connect to positive/Arduino pin).
✅ Short leg (-) = Cathode (Connect to ground).
🔹 A 220Ω resistor is used to prevent the LED from burning out.

📌 Example Use: Indicator lights, displays, signaling systems.